Delay measurements In live 5G cellular network

Abstract. 5G Network has many important properties, including increased bandwidth, increased data throughput, high reliability, high network density, and low latency. This thesis concentrate on the low latency attribute of the 5G Standalone (SA) mode and 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) mode. One of the most critical considerations in 5G is to have low latency network for various delay-sensitive applications, such as remote diagnostics and surgery in healthcare, self-driven cars, industrial factory automation, and live audio productions in the music industry. Therefore, 5G employs various retransmission algorithms and techniques to meet the low latency standards, a new frame structure with multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS) and time slots, and a new cloud-native core. For the low latency measurements, a test setup is built. A video is sent from the 5G User Equipment (UE) to the multimedia server deployed in the University of Oulu 5G test Network (5GTN) edge server. The University of Oulu 5GTN is operating both in NSA and SA modes. Delay is measured both for the downlink and the uplink direction with Qosium tool. When calculating millisecond-level transmission delays, clock synchronization is essential. Therefore, Precision Time Protocol daemon (PTPd) service is initiated on both the sending and receiving machines. The tests comply with the specifications developed at the University of Oulu 5GTN for both the SA and the NSA mode. When the delay measurement findings were compared between the two deployment modes, it was observed that the comparison was not appropriate. The primary reason for this is that in the 5GTN, the NSA and the SA have entirely different data routing paths and configurations. Additionally, the author did not have sufficient resources to make the required architectural changes

Utilization of services from a mobile health clinic in rural areas Of aligarh district

Research Problem: What is the pattern of utilization of services from the Mobile Health Clinic? Objective: To study the morbidity pattern and coverage and quality of health services in a specified population. Study Design: Population based cross - sectional study. Setting; Rural areas of Aligarh district in field practice area under ROME SCHEME. Participants: All patients attending the Mobile Health Clinic during the calender year 1995. Sample Size: i) 12106  patients  for clinic record analysis, ii) 4735  patients above 18 years of age for interview schedule Study Variables: Demographic profiles, socio-economic characteristics, common ailments, morbidity pattern, present level of health awareness, satisfaction from the services received. Statistical Analysis: By proportions. Result: Majority of the patients were under 25 years of age. Large number of patients visited the clinic during the rainy season. Skin diseases were the most frequent (35.96%). The present level of health awareness is unsatisfactory. 65% respondents were satisfied with the services received. Recommendations: Visit schedule must be weekly to prevent the patietns from seeking alternative sources of medical care. Attachment of medico-social workers with the clinic will greatly improve the health promotional activities. More time should be allowed for better doctor - patient communication

Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?

We present an inversion method based on Bayesian analysis to constrain the interior structure of terrestrial exoplanets, in the form of chemical composition of the mantle and core size. Specifically, we identify what parts of the interior structure of terrestrial exoplanets can be determined from observations of mass, radius, and stellar elemental abundances. We perform a full probabilistic inverse analysis to formally account for observational and model uncertainties and obtain confidence regions of interior structure models. This enables us to characterize how model variability depends on data and associated uncertainties. We test our method on terrestrial solar system planets and find that our model predictions are consistent with independent estimates. Furthermore, we apply our method to synthetic exoplanets up to 10 Earth masses and up to 1.7 Earth radii as well as to exoplanet Kepler-36b. Importantly, the inversion strategy proposed here provides a framework for understanding the level of precision required to characterize the interior of exoplanets. Our main conclusions are: (1) observations of mass and radius are sufficient to constrain core size; (2) stellar elemental abundances (Fe, Si, Mg) are key constraints to reduce degeneracy in interior structure models and to constrain mantle composition; (3) the inherent degeneracy in determining interior structure from mass and radius observations does not only depend on measurement accuracies but also on the actual size and density of the exoplanet. We argue that precise observations of stellar elemental abundances are central in order to place constraints on planetary bulk composition and to reduce model degeneracy. [...]Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics (no changes to previous version

Synthesis of Schiff bases derived from 2-hydroxy-1- naphth- aldehyde and their tin(II) complexes for antimicribial and antioxidant activities

The current studies were designed to prepare tin(II) complexes of various Schiff base derivatives of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (HN) with L-histidine and sulfamethazine have been prepared and characterized by different physiochemical studies such as elemental analysis, atomic absorption, UV-Vis spectra, FTIR spectra, 1H–NMR, 13C-NMR and conductance studies. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also calculated. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the agar-well diffusion method. Two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strains were used. Antifungal activity was resolute against three fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria solani) by using the agar tube dilution method. The antioxidant activity of ligands and their complexes was measured on the basis of the radical scavenging effect of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical activity. Ligand HNSM exhibited excellent activities as antibacterial activity (22 mm), antifungal activity (55%) and antioxidant activity (119 ppm).               KEY WORDS: Schiff base, 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, L-Histidine and sulfamethazine, Tin(II) complexes, Antimicrobial activities, Antioxidant activities Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2017, 31(3), 445-456. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v31i3.

A Qualitative Study on Development of Enriching Performance Management System at a Pharma-Company

This case study aimed to develop a sample of enriching the performance management system using qualitative method. The job post of Import Executive in a pharma company has been selected as a sample. After taking consent from the management, a semi-structured interview approach with all related employees was undertaken. A comparison of existing performance management system was done with three other organizations of the same industry to provide a more comprehensive approach. Firstly, a systematic job evaluation was performed to transform traditional job description into competency based job description and implement job specific performance appraisal. This resulted in enrichment of performance management system. Peer evaluation and appraisal training for the supervisors have been suggested for a more comprehensive insight and a greater employee satisfaction with the performance management process